Conjugated Prepositions

Fifteen of the “simple” Irish prepositions are conjugated for pronoun they refer to. For example, to say “to me,” you can’t just have “do mé.” You use the conjugated form “dom.”

Not also that since Irish has no neuter pronoun for “it,” the forms for “he” and “she” also refer to “it” depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine.

Here are prepositions and their forms:

ag – at (used also to indicate “have”)

agam — at me
agat — at you (s)
aige — at him
aici — at her
againn — at us
agaibh — at you (p)
acu — at them

ar — on (used often with feelings and emotions)

orm — on me
ort — on you (s)
air — on him
uirthi — on her
orainn — on us
oraibh — on you (p)
orthu — on them

as — out of

asam — out of me
asat — out of you
as — out of him
aisti — out of her
asainn — out of us
asaibh — out of you
astu — out of them

chuig/chun — toward

chugam — toward me
chugat — toward you
chuige — toward him
chuici — toward her
chugainn — toward us
chugaibh — toward you
chucu — toward them

de — of (expression removal, and all partition)

díom — of me
díot — of you
de — of him
di — of her
dínn — of us
díbh — of you
díobh — of them

do — to/for (indirect object, recipient)

dom — to me
duit — to you
dó — to him
di — to her
dúinn — to us
daoibh — to you
dóibh — to them

faoi — under; about, concerning

fúm — under me
fút — under you
faoi — under him
fúithi — under her
fúinn — under us
fúibh — under you
fúthu — under them

i — in

ionam — in me
ionat — in you
ann — in him
inti — in her
ionainn — in us
ionaibh — in you
iontu — in them

idir — between

eadrainn — between us
eadraibh — between you
eatarthu — between them

le — with

liom — with me
leat — with you
leis — with him
léi — with her
linn — with us
libh — with you
leo — with them

ó — from (origin, space), also used to express “wanting”

uaim — from me
uait — from you
uaidh — from him
uaithi — from her
uainn — from us
uaibh — from you
uathu — from them

roimh — before

romham — before me
romhat — before you
roimhe — before him
roimpi — before her
romhainn — before us
romhaibh — before you
rompu — before them

thar — over, past

tharam — over me
tharat — over you
thairis — over him
thairsti — over her
tharainn — over us
tharaibh — over you
tharstu — over them

trí — through; by means of

tríom — through me
tríot — through you
tríd — through him
tríthi — through her
trínn — through us
tríbh — through you
tríothu — through them

um — around about

umam — around me
umat — around you
uime — around him
uimpi — around her
umainn — around us
umaibh — around you
umpu — around them.

Written by Oisín.